PaperJou

Carbon sequestration in soils and climate change mitigation - Definitions and pitfalls

Abstract

• Carbon sequestration is a potentially misleading buzzword
• “It’s mostly used wrongly”, which implies that they are going to propose the right way to do it here
• It’s not just about stocks
• other potential concepts: loss mitigation, negative emissions, climate change mitigation, C storage, C accrual

Modified source-sink dynamics govern resource exchange in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis

Summary

Symbiosis between tree roots and fungi as a trade explains mutualism development on evolutionary timescale but not experimental results. Instead think of it as source-sink dynamics.

The mycorrhizal tragedy of the commons

Abstract

• trees trade C for N with mycorrhizal network
• this network is the “commons”, part of the tragedy
• trees gain additional N et the expense of neighbours by supplying more C to fungi
• this can lead to increased N immobilization (in fungal biomass)

The carbon costs of global wood harvests

Abstract

• counting newly grown wood from harvested forests as extra is wrong because this growth would also happen without harvesting
• harvesting forests leads until 2050 to additional eCO$_2$ in the realms of land use change due to agricultural expansion

Acorn review: The persistent mystery of declining growth in older forests

Abstract

Forests are very diverse all over the world, but they all share the decline in diameter growth rather after an early plateau (moment of full canopy development). Growth of trees and forests may be determined by other factors than carbon supply.

Understanding the roles of nonstructural carbohydrates in forest trees – from what we can measure to what we want to know

Abstract

New isotopic tools allow direct quantification of timescales involved in NSC dynamics, and show that NSC-C fixed years to decades previously is used to support tree functions.

Dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in terrestrial plants: a global synthesis

Abstract

• high NSC sign for oversupply or necessary for survivial or inaccessible?
• NSC about 10% dry plant biomass, higesht in leaves, lowest in stem
• strong depletion during growing season
• high in conifers with relatively high seasonal minimum
• starch as future reservoir, soluble sugars for immediate functions (osmoregulation)

Demonstrating and Evaluating Teaching Proficiency

SLU guidelines

• provide support to demonstrate teaching skills or assess them

Biodiversity as insurance: from concept to measurement and application

Abstract

• biodiversity will make aggreagate ecosystem properties vary less
• insurance and portfolio theory connected to biodiversity
• distinction between effects on mean and variability
• application to ecosystem management

Multidimensional tropical forest recovery

Tropical forests disappear rapidly because of deforestation, yet they have the potential to regrow naturally on abandoned lands. We analyze how 12 forest attributes recover during secondary succession and how their recovery is interrelated using 77 sites across the tropics.

Tips from neuroscience to keep you focused on hard tasks

Understanding cognitive control can help your working life, says David Badre.

Carbon Sequestration in Forests - Addressing the Scale Question

Whether young or old forests sequester or store more carbon, is a heated debate. Depending on the consideres scale in time, space, and involved proces, there are arguments for either side. This controversy is resolved at the landscape scale.

On the value of preprints: An early career researcher perspective

The publication of preprints, publicly available scientific manuscripts posted on dedicated preprint servers prior to journal-managed peer review can play a key role in addressing these ECR challenges such as timely publication and increased interdisciplinarity in life sciences research.

Quantum Theory

I am not sure where this project belongs. It is not like classically reading a paper and it is not about classically citing some quotes of enjoyable books. For starters, I would like to note my impressions. I need to study physics to understand the simplest of Bohm’s arguments, I do not have the time, and the energy to do so fainted as well. So I try to make the best of it and note down what I feel most interesting.

Extinction risk depends strongly on factors contributing to stochasticity

Extinction depends on four kinds of stochasticity. Models that do not incorporate all four kinds might greatly undererstimate extinction risks.

Using heterogeneity indices to adjust basal area – Leaf area index relationship in managed coniferous stands

Abstract (excerpt)

The structure of contemporary managed forests is complex and deviates from experimental forests which are usually even-aged monocultures and single-storied. To apply theoretical growth and yield functions on managed forests, adjustments are required, especially for leaf area index (LAI) which is a key biophysical variable in process-based growth models. To asses this, the performance of canopy LAI in modelling the basal area (BA, measured at breast height = 1.30m) of managed boreal forests dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies (L). Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was investigated by heterogeneity analysis. The study was based on the assumption that canopy LAI and BA are strongly related and are vital for estimating stand productivity and growth. Managed forests were represented by field data from the 2016 and 2017 Swedish National Forest Inventory (NFI) campaigns.

Moving beyond the incorrect but useful paradigm: reevaluating big-leaf and multilayer plant canopies to model biosphere-atmosphere fluxes – a review

Abstract

This article reviews the scientific debate of big-leaf vs multi-layer canopy modeling for land surface models. Comparisons with flux tower measurements show supremacy of good multi-layer models (5-10 layer suffice).

How to avoid having your manuscript rejected: Perspectives from the Editors-in-Chief of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry

In this editorial piece the editors in chief of SBB explain to what authors should pay attention before submitting papers in general, and to SBB in particular.

The fate and transit time of carbon in a tropical forest

The paper is on means and quantiles of transit times of C in the Porce forest (Columbia). Furthermore, the concept of $\mathrm{NPP}/\mathrm{GPP}$ as $\mathrm{CUE}$ is questioned and an interpretation as $\mathrm{NPP}/\mathrm{GPP} = R_h/\mathrm{GPP}$ is suggested.

Communicating scientific uncertainty

This paper tries to characterize, asses, and convey the uncertainties relevant to each of the following decision classes:

Model–data synthesis in terrestrial carbon observation: imethods, data requirements and data uncertainty specifications

The focus of this paper is observation of the carbon cycle, and in particular its land-atmosphere compo- nents, as one part of an integrated earth observation system.

Model Selection and Multimodel Inference

We wrote this book to introduce graduate students and research workers in various scientific disciplines to the use of information-theoretic approaches in the analysis of empirical data. These methods allow the data-based selection of a “best” model and a ranking and weighting of the remaining models in a pre-defined set. Traditional statistical inference can then be based on this selected best model. However, we now emphasize that information-theoretic approaches allow formal inference to be based on more than one model (multimodel inference). Such procedures lead to more robust inferences in many cases, and we advocate these approaches throughout the book.

Mapping the deforestation footprint of nations reveals growing threat to tropical forests

The authors provide a fine-scale representation of spatial patterns of deforestation associated with international trade. They find that many developed countries have increased the deforestation embodied in their imports Consumption patterns of G7 countries drive an average loss of 3.9 trees per person per year. The results emphasize the need to reform zero-deforestation policies through strong transnational efforts and by improving supply chain transparency, public–private engagement and financial support for the tropics.

Global maps of twenty-first century forest carbon fluxes

The authors introduce a geospatial monitoring framework that integrates ground Earth observation data to map annual forest-related greenhouse gas emissions and removels from 2001 till 2019. They estimate that global forests were a carbon sink of $-7.6\,$GtCO$_2$e yr$^{-1}$ ($-15.6+8.1$). The final goal is to support forest-specific climate mitigation with both local detail and global consistency.

Carbon cycle in mature and regrowth forests globally

The authors compile the Global Forest Database (ForC) to provide a macropscopic overview of the C cycle in the world’s forests. They compute the mean and standard deviation of 24 flux and stock variables (no soil variables) for mature and regrown (age < 100 years) forests. C cycling rates decrease from tropical to temperate to boreal forests. The majority of flux variables, together with most live biomass pools, increased significantly with the logarithm of stand age.

Calculating the effective permeability of sandstone with multiscale lattice Boltzmann/finite element simulations

When scaling up from microscale to macroscale, often one is not interested in a single global value such as a mean only, but rather in the variation of a continuum variable. The authors define a representative elementary volume (REV) at the microstate-macrostate boundary. Inside the REVs, a lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is used to compute the microdynamics. The result per REV is then used on global scale to solve global dynamics by a finite elements (FE) method.

Quantifying entropy using recurrence matrix microstates

The authors introduce a complexity measure for nonlinear time series data that bases on the reccurence plot (RP) and the Shannon information entropy of its microstates. This complexity measure is easy and efficient to compute and approximates the maximum Lyapunov exponent of the data. It can also be used to discriminate between deterministic, chaotic, and stochastic data.